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Śramaṇa - Wikipedia
A śramaṇa (Sanskrit: श्रमण, Sanskrit pronunciation: [ɕrɐmɐɳɐ]; Pali: 𑀲𑀫𑀡, romanized:samaṇa; Chinese : 沙門; pinyin : shāmén; Vietnamese: sa môn) is a person "who labours, toils, or exerts themselves for some higher or religious purpose" [ 1 ][ 2 ] or "seeker, or ascetic, one who performs acts of austerity". [ 3 ][ 4 ][ 5 ][ 6 ] The śramaṇa traditi...

Śramaṇa - Encyclopedia of Buddhism
śramaṇa (P. samaṇa; T. dge sbyong དགེ་སྦྱོང་; C. shamen ). A religious mendicant dependent on alms. [1] . At the time of Buddha Shakyamuni, there were a variety of different śramaṇa groups in existence.

The Sramana Movement | World Civilization - Lumen Learning
Sramana was an ancient Indian religious movement with origins in the Vedic religion. However, it took a divergent path, rejecting Vedic Hindu ritualism and the authority of the Brahmins—the traditional priests of the Hindu religion.

6.1: The Sramana Movement - Humanities LibreTexts
Sramana was an ancient Indian religious movement with origins in the Vedic religion. However, it took a divergent path, rejecting Vedic Hindu ritualism and the authority of the Brahmins—the traditional priests of the Hindu religion.

Shramana - Tibetan Buddhist Encyclopedia
The ' Shramana (Skt. Śramaṇa; Pāli. samaṇa) was an ancient Indian religious movement, parallel to, but separate from Vedic Hinduism, although the term Shramana has been mentioned in several later Hindu texts such as Brihadaranyaka Upanishad.

Śramaṇa facts for kids - Kids encyclopedia
A śramaṇa (Sanskrit: श्रमण, Sanskrit pronunciation: [ɕrɐmɐɳɐ]; Pali: 𑀲𑀫𑀡, romanized: samaṇa; Chinese: 沙門; pinyin: shāmén; Vietnamese: sa môn) is a person "who labours, toils, or exerts themselves for some higher or religious purpose" or "seeker, one who performs acts of austerity, ascetic"..

The Sramana Movement – Early World Civilizations - Achieving the Dream
Sramana was an ancient Indian religious movement with origins in the Vedic religion. However, it took a divergent path, rejecting Vedic Hindu ritualism and the authority of the Brahmins—the traditional priests of the Hindu religion.

The Sramana Movement
Sramana was an ancient Indian religious movement with origins in the Vedic religion. However, it took a divergent path, rejecting Vedic Hindu ritualism and the authority of the Brahmins—the traditional priests of the Hindu religion.

6.2: Buddhism - Humanities LibreTexts
Sramana, meaning “seeker,” was a tradition that began when new philosophical groups who believed in a more austere path to spiritual freedom rejected the authority of the Vedas and the Brahmins, the priests of Vedic Hinduism, around 800-600 BCE.

The Brahmin vs. the Sramana - by Amit Schandillia
While extreme ritual purity epitomized the western doctrine, the eastern doctrine championed extreme austerity and penance. The former is known as Brahminism (brāhmaṇa in Sanskrit and Pali), and the latter as the Sramana tradition (śramaṇa in Sanskrit, samaṇa in Pali).